今回は、産業組織論（industrial Organization：IO）をテーマに取り上げます。
「産業組織論」は企業（グループ）としての産業を研究対象とするミクロ経済学の応用分野で、ゲーム理論や計量経済学の手法を取り入れて近年急速に発展を遂げている学問分野です。
産業組織論におけるSCP（Structure-Conduct-Performance）パラダイムは経済学に留まらず、経営戦略論の領域にも大きな影響を与えており、マイケルポーター教授のFive Forces フレームワークークなどはその代表格と言えるでしょう。
【English】
Do you know the theory of industrial organization?
It is a branch of economics that examines how markets function and how firms interact within these markets.
The basic concepts of industrial organization (IO) are as follows.
●Market Structure
At the core of IO is the study of market structures which include the number of firms, the level of competition, and barriers to entry.
●Firm Conduct(Strategy)
IO explores how firms behave within their markets. Conduct is the firm’s choice of strategic decisions such as price, advertising, capacity, and quality.
●Market Performance
IO theory also analyzes the outcomes of firm behavior and market structures. This includes evaluating efficiency, innovation, consumer welfare, and overall economic productivity.
●Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) Paradigm
A key framework in IO, the SCP paradigm connects the structure of a market to how firms behave, which, in the end, impacts market performance.
It suggests that the characteristics of an industry significantly influence firm strategies and the resulting market outcomes.
● The Link between the two fields
You may think that IO theory and corporate strategy are irrelevant. However, that is not the case.
M.E. Porter, a strategic guru, made groundbreaking contributions to IO theory, through the Five Forces framework, which helps businesses analyze and navigate industry competition.
I will show you some examples of the relationship between IO theory and strategy.
Firstly, IO theory analyzes the structure of industries, such as monopolies, oligopolies, and perfect competition. On the flip side, companies may focus on differentiation or strategic alliances to gain a competitive edge in an oligopolistic market.
Next, IO theory examines barriers like economies of scale, capital requirements, and regulatory hurdles. From the perspective of corporate strategy, Amazon, for instance, leverages economies of scale and its extensive distribution networks to maintain dominance, making it difficult for smaller competitors to enter the market.
IO theory also sheds light on the role of government policies in shaping market competition. For example, renewable energy companies align their strategies with government subsidies and carbon credits to stay competitive.
●Conclusion
IO theory provides a theoretical understanding of markets and industries, while corporate strategy uses this knowledge to craft practical, firm-level actions.
Rather than viewing them as separate, it’s more productive to see corporate strategy as a practical application of the insights derived from IO theory.
【英語表現】
▣ at the core of …の中心に
At the core of the matter, we need better coordination between departments.
▣ in the end 最後には
Our new strategy paid off in the end, with profits skyrocketing.
▣ on the flip side その一方で
We’ve seen great sales growth this quarter, but on the flip side, our operational costs have also increased.
▣ shed light on 明らかにする
The report will shed light on the issue of inefficiencies in our supply chain processes.
コメント