現在読んでいる洋書 ”Why Nations Fail”（邦題：国家はなぜ衰退するのか）に関する書評記事を数回に分けて書いています。
今回は第3章（The Making of Prosperity and Poverty）を中心とした書評になります。日本にも馴染みの深い国（韓国と北朝鮮）が例として取り上げられています。
【English】
“Why Nations Fail,” written by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, emphasizes the importance of institutions, categorizing them into inclusive and extractive systems, as the key determinant of a nation’s prosperity.
A compelling example provided in the book is the 38th parallel, which separates North Korea and South Korea. Despite sharing a common history and culture, these two nations have diverged drastically due to their different institutions.
In North Korea, under the rule of Kim Sung and later Kim Jong, extractive institutions have concentrated political power in the hands of a few, stifling innovation, technology, and education.
In sharp contrast, South Korea’s inclusive institutions have promoted innovation and technological advancement while investing in education, leading to sustained economic growth and prosperity.
Inclusive economics enables broad participation and accountability, fostering an environment where innovation can thrive. On the other hand, extractive economics prioritize short-term gains for elites at the expense of long-term development.
The Korean example vividly illustrates how the institutional framework shapes a nation’s trajectory.
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